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Wool ecosystemic perspective: mapping multilevel potentialities in wool production networks to support holistic wool valorisation in a context of regenerative transition

Environmental concerns and the compelling need to operate within planetary boundaries result in the search for novel approaches to support the transition to materials which are ecological and regenerative. Wool is a natural, renewable fibre with invaluable intrinsic characteristics produced by sheep whose grazing can offer a regulatory service to the ecosystem. If sheep are farmed according to regenerative farming standards, the extracted wool can achieve carbon neutrality, thereby becoming a well-equipped and beneficial player in a regenerative context. Additionally, wool is one of the purest sources of keratin, a remarkably versatile protein. Its recovery from end-of-life and low-grade wool presents worthwhile applications in different industries. Wool and wool keratin processing encompasses a vast array of transformation methods, ranging from rural, craft-based approaches to cutting-edge biotechnologies, resulting in a wide range of applications that address diverse societal needs. However, wool is still underutilised and, despite extensive study, is mainly examined through siloed perspectives. Regenerative approaches suggest considering materials holistically, in their interconnections with the multiplicity of entities, including forms of life, non-living natural entities, and artificial entities, necessitating the comprehensive consideration of all ecosystem actors — humans and non-humans — in their interconnections and symbiotic co-evolution. This research aims to investigate wool ecosystemic complexity through adopting a research-through-design approach and leveraging the concept of affordances and visualisations to unpack its complexity and reveal insights for the adoption of an ecosystemic perspective in the context of regenerative transition in the field of wool innovation.